The Search for the Laws of Automatic Random Testing

Can one estimate the number of remaining faults in a software system? A credible estimation technique would be immensely useful to project managers as well as customers. It would also be of theoretical interest, as a general law of software engineering. We investigate possible answers in the context of automated random testing, a method that is increasingly accepted as an effective way to discover faults. Our experimental results, derived from best-fit analysis of a variety of mathematical functions, based on a large number of automated tests of library code equipped with automated oracles in the form of contracts, suggest a poly-logarithmic law. Although further confirmation remains necessary on different code bases and testing techniques, we argue that understanding the laws of testing may bring significant benefits for estimating the number of detectable faults and comparing different projects and practices.Comment: 20 page

C to O-O Translation: Beyond the Easy Stuff

Can we reuse some of the huge code-base developed in C to take advantage of modern programming language features such as type safety, object-orientation, and contracts? This paper presents a source-to-source translation of C code into Eiffel, a modern object-oriented programming language, and the supporting tool C2Eif. The translation is completely automatic and supports the entire C language (ANSI, as well as many GNU C Compiler extensions, through CIL) as used in practice, including its usage of native system libraries and inlined assembly code. Our experiments show that C2Eif can handle C applications and libraries of significant size (such as vim and libgsl), as well as challenging benchmarks such as the GCC torture tests. The produced Eiffel code is functionally equivalent to the original C code, and takes advantage of some of Eiffel's object-oriented features to produce safe and easy-to-debug translations

Challenges to support automated random testing for dynamically typed languages

International audienceAutomated random testing is a proven way to identify bugs and precondition violations, and this even in well tested libraries. In the context of statically typed languages, current automated random testing tools heavily take advantage of static method declaration (argument types, thrown exceptions) to constrain input domains while testing and to identify errors. For such reason, automated random testing has not been investigated in the context of dynamically typed languages. In this paper we present the key challenges that have to be addressed to support automated testing in dynamic languages

Seeding Contradiction: a fast method for generating full-coverage test suites

The regression test suite, a key resource for managing program evolution, needs to achieve 100% coverage, or very close, to be useful. Devising a test suite manually is unacceptably tedious, but existing automated methods are often inefficient. The method described in this article, ``Seeding Contradiction'', inserts incorrect instructions into every basic block of the program, enabling an SMT-based Hoare-style prover to generate a counterexample for every branch of the program and, from the collection of all such counterexamples, a test suite. The method is static, works fast, and achieves excellent coverage

Cytomegalovirus Cell-Mediated Immunity: Ready for Routine Use?

Antiviral prophylaxis; Cytomegalovirus management; Innate immunityProfilaxis antiviral; Gestión de citomegalovirus; Inmunidad innataProfilaxi antiviral; Gestió del citomegalovirus; Immunitat innataUtilizing assays that assess specific T-cell-mediated immunity against cytomegalovirus (CMV) holds the potential to enhance personalized strategies aimed at preventing and treating CMV in organ transplantation. This includes improved risk stratification during transplantation compared to relying solely on CMV serostatus, as well as determining the optimal duration of antiviral prophylaxis, deciding on antiviral therapy when asymptomatic replication occurs, and estimating the risk of recurrence. In this review, we initially provide an overlook of the current concepts into the immune control of CMV after transplantation. We then summarize the existent literature on the clinical experience of the use of immune monitoring in organ transplantation, with a particular interest on the outcomes of interventional trials. Current evidence indicates that cell-mediated immune assays are helpful in identifying patients at low risk for replication for whom preventive measures against CMV can be safely withheld. As more data accumulates from these and other clinical scenarios, it is foreseeable that these assays will likely become part of the routine clinical practice in organ transplantation.OB’s research is supported by a research grant network from the RICORS (Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud) consortia by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III and co-funded by European Union (ERDF/ESF)- A way to build Europe. MF-R holds a research contract “Miguel Servet” (CP18/00073) from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, also co-funded by the European Union. OB, HK, LC, and OM participate in the HORUS project, which has received funding from HORIZON Europe under the grant agreement No.101057651

Dictamen de l'Institut d'Estudis Catalans sobre les reserves uraníferes de Catalunya

La veu autoritzada de l'IEC sobre les concessions atorgades, les investigacions en curs i els possibles aprofitaments d'urani a l'àmbit de les Guilleries, del pla de la Selva i a les comarques del Ripollès, la Garrotxa i el Gironès